Quantifying simultaneous discrete and distributed deformation

Most natural deformation involves simultaneous discrete deformation (e.g. faults) and distributed deformation (e.g. penetrative strain). In order to properly understand the bulk kinematics of a given deformation, the discrete and distributed components must be evaluated simultaneously. The displacement diagram method has previously been utilized to quantify strain accommodated by faults or other discrete surfaces. The same method is applicable to distributed deformation, such as ductilely deformed conglomerates, which are typically evaluated by finite strain analysis. By mathematically combining the gradients in the displacement fields of both the discrete and distributed components of deformation, the bulk deformation can be quantified. We apply this method to several examples that contain both distributed and discrete components, and characterize the bulk displacement field and finite strain for these deformed systems. q 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.